RNA silencing of hormonal biosynthetic genes impairs larval progress and improvement in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a extremely polyphagous pest, inflicting monumental losses to numerous economically vital crops. The identification and in vitro useful validation of goal genes of a pest is a prerequisite to fight pest through host-mediated RNA interference (RNAi).
Within the current examine, six hormonal biosynthesis genes of H. armigera had been chosen and evaluated by feeding insect larvae with dsRNAs corresponding to every goal gene, viz., juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (HaJHAMT), prothoracicotropic hormone (HaPTTH), pheromone biosynthesis-activating peptide (HaPBAP), molt regulating transcription issue (HaHR3), activated protein 4 (HaAP-4) and eclosion hormone precursor (HaEHP).
The lack of perform phenotypes for these hormonal genes had been noticed by releasing second instar larvae on to synthetic weight loss program containing goal gene-specific dsRNAs. Ingestion of dsRNAs resulted in mortality starting from 60% to 90%, decreased larval weight, phenotypic deformities and delayed pupation. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) evaluation confirmed that the goal gene transcript ranges had been decreased drastically (31% to 77%) as in comparison with management or unrelated management (GFP-dsRNA), and correlated nicely with the mortality and developmental defects of larvae.
Additionally, a comparability of the silencing efficacy of un-diced lengthy HaPTTH -dsRNAwith RNase III diced HaPTTH-dsRNA (siRNAs) revealed that lengthy dsRNAs had been extra environment friendly in silencing the goal gene. These outcomes indicated that the hormonal biosynthesis genes have different sensitivity in direction of RNAi and could possibly be the very important targets for insect resistance in crop vegetation like cotton that are infested by H. armigera.
The event and controversy of aggressive endogenous RNA speculation in non-coding genes
As a momentous post-transcriptional regulator, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attracting an increasing number of consideration. The classical miRNAs regulated mechanism reveals it binds to the targets’ 3’UTR thus play the position in post-transcription.
In the meantime, single miRNA can goal a number of genes, so these ought to compete to bind that miRNA. Vice versa, single gene can sponge mass of miRNAs as nicely. Thus the aggressive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) speculation was put ahead in 2011.
The ceRNA speculation has made large achievements, specifically in non-coding genes, which together with lengthy non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circle RNAs (circRNAs) and pseudogenes, even viral transcripts. It additionally contributed enormously to epigenetics improvement.
Nonetheless, an growing variety of controversies have occurred with applause. Primarily based on this case, this evaluate introduces one thing intimately concerning the ceRNAs speculation achieved in lncRNAs,circRNAs, pseudogenes and viral transcripts, respectively. In the meantime, it additionally covers controversy of the ceRNAs speculation
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IP, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IP:2-5ug/mglysate.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IP, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IP:2-5ug/mglysate.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/40000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF, ChIP; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:5000, IHC:1:100-1:500, IF:1:50-1:500
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:500-1:5000, IHC:1:5-1:20
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;ELISA:1:2000-1:10000, WB:1:1000-1:5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:15-1:50
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, WB:1:200-1:1000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:500-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NFkB is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NFkB complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NFkB inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, IkB is phosphorylated by IkB kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NFkB complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and RelB-p50 complexes are transcriptional activators. The NFkB p50-p50 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor, but can act as a transcriptional activator when associated with BCL3. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NFkB proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p50 and p105 and preserves their independent function, although processing of NFKB1/p105 also appears to occur post-translationally. p50 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. In a complex with MAP3K8, NFKB1/p105 represses MAP3K8-induced MAPK signaling; active MAP3K8 is released by proteasome-dependent degradation of NFKB1/p105.
Description: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. [UniProt]
Description: This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: NF-kappa-B has been detected in numerous cell types that express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and some acute phase proteins in health and in various disease states. NF-kappa-B is activated by a wide variety of stimuli, such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Inappropriate activation of NF-kappa-B has been linked to inflammatory events associated with autoimmune arthritis, asthma, septic shock, lung fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and AIDS. In contrast, complete and persistent inhibition of NF-kappa-B has been linked directly to apoptosis, inappropriate immune cell development, and delayed cell growth. NFKB1 (MIM 164011) and NFKB2 encode p105 and p100 proteins that are processed to produce the active p50 and p52 NF-kappa-B subunits, respectively. However, the p100 and p105 proteins serve regulatory functions and should not be considered exclusively as precursor forms. The most abundant activated form of NF-kappa-B is a heterodimer of the p50 or p52 subunit bound to the RELA subunit (MIM 164014). Other NF-kappa-B complexes, consisting of hetero- and homodimers of p50, p52, RELA, REL (MIM 164910), and RELB (MIM 604758), have also been detected. NF-kappa-B complexes are inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins, NFKBIA (MIM 164008) or NFKBIB (MIM 604495), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by the kinases IKBKA (CHUK; MIM 600664) or IKBKB (MIM 603258) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. The activated NF-kappa-B complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs, such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For reviews, see Chen et al. (1999) [PubMed 9895331] and Baldwin (1996) [PubMed 8717528].
Description: Nuclear Factor Kappa-B, Subunit 2, also known as NFKB or p52/p100 subunit, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene. Liptay et al.(1992) mapped the gene for what they called the p49/p100 subunit of NFKB to chromosome 10 by Southern blot analysis of panels of human/Chinese hamster cell hybrids. By fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), they confirmed the localization and mapped the gene with greater resolution to 10q24. NFKB2 appears to be the same as LYT10. Claudio et al.(2002) showed that bone marrow(BM) cells from Nfkb2-deficient mice, but not Nfkb1-deficient mice, failed to increase relative and total IgD-positive transitional-1(T1) stage B cells in response to Baff. In vivo, however, Nfkb2-deficient mice did generate mature B cells, but at reduced numbers. Mice of the aly/aly strain, which are naturally deficient in Nik, and mice of the A/WySNJ strain, which have a mutation in Baffr, also failed to produce T1 B cells in response to Baff. Baff stimulation enhanced expression of Bcl2 in T1 B cells, thereby promoting B-cell survival, and caused the processing of the p100 form of the protein to p52, which again required Baffr and Nik, but not Nemo(IKKG). Immunoblot analysis showed that BM cells contained primarily p100.
Description: Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105/p50, also called EBP-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the gene was assigned to human chromosome 4q24. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing.
Description: Nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene. It is mapped to 10q24.32. This gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFKB). NFKB is activated by a wide variety of stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. The NFkB complex is expressed in numerous cell types and functions as a central activator of genes involved in inflammation and immune function. The protein encoded by this gene can function as both a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on its dimerization partner.
Description: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NFkB is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NFkB complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NFkB inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, IkB is phosphorylated by IkB kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NFkB complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and RelB-p50 complexes are transcriptional activators. The NFkB p50-p50 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor, but can act as a transcriptional activator when associated with BCL3. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NFkB proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p50 and p105 and preserves their independent function, although processing of NFKB1/p105 also appears to occur post-translationally. p50 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. In a complex with MAP3K8, NFKB1/p105 represses MAP3K8-induced MAPK signaling; active MAP3K8 is released by proteasome-dependent degradation of NFKB1/p105.
Description: This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: NF-kappa-B p105/p50, also called EBP-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB1 gene. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the gene was assigned to human chromosome 4q24. NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing.
Description: NF-kappa-B has been detected in numerous cell types that express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and some acute phase proteins in health and in various disease states. NF-kappa-B is activated by a wide variety of stimuli, such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Inappropriate activation of NF-kappa-B has been linked to inflammatory events associated with autoimmune arthritis, asthma, septic shock, lung fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and AIDS. In contrast, complete and persistent inhibition of NF-kappa-B has been linked directly to apoptosis, inappropriate immune cell development, and delayed cell growth. NFKB1 (MIM 164011) and NFKB2 encode p105 and p100 proteins that are processed to produce the active p50 and p52 NF-kappa-B subunits, respectively. However, the p100 and p105 proteins serve regulatory functions and should not be considered exclusively as precursor forms. The most abundant activated form of NF-kappa-B is a heterodimer of the p50 or p52 subunit bound to the RELA subunit (MIM 164014). Other NF-kappa-B complexes, consisting of hetero- and homodimers of p50, p52, RELA, REL (MIM 164910), and RELB (MIM 604758), have also been detected. NF-kappa-B complexes are inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins, NFKBIA (MIM 164008) or NFKBIB (MIM 604495), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by the kinases IKBKA (CHUK; MIM 600664) or IKBKB (MIM 603258) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. The activated NF-kappa-B complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs, such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For reviews, see Chen et al. (1999) [PubMed 9895331] and Baldwin (1996) [PubMed 8717528].
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human NFKB1 (S932). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1. Recognizes NFKB1 from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2. Recognizes NFKB2 from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2 (Ab-870). Recognizes NFKB2 (Ab-870) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2 (Ab-870). Recognizes NFKB2 (Ab-870) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-337). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-337) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-337). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-337) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-932). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-932) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-932). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-932) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-893). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-893) from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-893). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-893) from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2 (Ab-872). Recognizes NFKB2 (Ab-872) from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200, IF:1:100-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2 (Ab-872). Recognizes NFKB2 (Ab-872) from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200, IF:1:100-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-907). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-907) from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB1 (Ab-907). Recognizes NFKB1 (Ab-907) from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2 (Ab-866). Recognizes NFKB2 (Ab-866) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200, IF:1:100-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against NFKB2 (Ab-866). Recognizes NFKB2 (Ab-866) from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF;WB:1:500-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200, IF:1:100-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for NFKB1 from Human | Mouse. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human A synthesized peptide derived from human NF-kappaB p105/p50. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, IHC, ICC/IF assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:2000), IHC (1:200), ICC/IF (1:500). This NFKB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
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Conserved Patterns in Developmental Processes and Phases, Moderately than Genes, Unite the Extremely Divergent Bilateria
Bilateria are the predominant clade of animals on Earth. Regardless of having developed all kinds of physique plans and developmental modes, they’re characterised by frequent morphological traits. By default, researchers have tried to hyperlink clade-specific genes to those traits, thus distinguishing bilaterians from non-bilaterians, by their gene content material.
Right here we argue that it’s reasonably organic processes that unite Bilateria and set them aside from their non-bilaterian sisters, with a much less advanced physique morphology. To check this speculation, we in contrast proteomes of bilaterian and non-bilaterian species in an elaborate computational pipeline, aiming to seek for a set of bilaterian-specific genes.
Regardless of the restricted confidence of their bilaterian specificity, we nonetheless detected Bilateria-specific useful and developmental patterns within the sub-set of genes conserved in distantly associated Bilateria. Utilizing a novel multi-species GO-enrichment methodology, we decided the useful repertoire of genes which can be broadly conserved amongst Bilateria. Analyzing expression profiles in three very distantly associated mannequin species-D. melanogaster, D. rerio and C. elegans-we discover attribute peaks at comparable phases of improvement and a delayed onset of expression in embryos. Specifically, the expression of the conserved genes seems to peak on the phylotypic stage of various bilaterian phyla.
In abstract, our examine illustrate how improvement connects distantly associated Bilateria after thousands and thousands of years of divergence, pointing to processes doubtlessly separating them from non-bilaterians. We argue that evolutionary biologists ought to return from a purely gene-centric view of evolution and place extra concentrate on analyzing and defining conserved developmental processes and durations.
Characterizing patient-oncologist communication in genomic tumor testing: The 21-gene recurrence rating as an exemplar
Goal: Ladies with early-stage, ER + breast most cancers are advocate to obtain genomic profiling assessments, corresponding to the 21-gene Recurrence Rating (RS) check, to information therapy choices. We examined test- and treatment-related data mentioned and the associations between RS classes and facets of communication throughout patient-oncologist medical encounters.
Strategies: As half of a bigger trial, medical encounters (N = 46) had been audiorecorded and coded for 1) RS- and treatment-related data, 2) shared determination making, 3) affected person lively participation, and 4) oncologist patient-centered communication. We examined variations by RS class utilizing blended fashions, adjusting for nesting inside oncologist.
Outcomes: Sufferers with a excessive RS had been extra more likely to obtain a chemotherapy advice (p < .01), hear concerning the dangers/uncomfortable side effects of chemotherapy (p < .01), and supply their preferences (p = .02) than these with intermediate or low RS. Parts of shared determination making elevated with RS. Oncologist patient-centered communication (M = 4.09/5, SD = .25) and affected person lively participation (M = 3.5/4, SD = 1.0) had been excessive throughout RS.
Conclusion: Findings counsel that illness severity, reasonably than medical uncertainty, affect therapy suggestions and shared determination making.
Apply implications: Oncologists alter test- and treatment-related data and shared determination making by illness severity. This data offers a framework to tell determination making in advanced most cancers and genomics settings.
CRISPR-Cas, a strong gene-editing know-how within the period of recent most cancers immunotherapy
Most cancers immunotherapy has been emerged as a promising technique for therapy of a broad spectrum of malignancies starting from hematological to stable tumors. One of many principal approaches of most cancers immunotherapy is switch of pure or engineered tumor-specific T-cells into sufferers,
a so known as “adoptive cell switch”, or ACT, course of. Development of allogeneic T-cells relies on the employment of a gene-editing device to switch donor-extracted T-cells and put together them to particularly act in opposition to tumor cells with enhanced perform and sturdiness and least side-effects. On this context, CRISPR know-how can be utilized to provide common T-cells, outfitted with recombinant T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), by means of multiplex genome engineering utilizing Cas nucleases.
The sturdy potential of CRISPR-Cas in getting ready the constructing blocks of ACT immunotherapy has broaden the appliance of such therapies and a few of them have gotten FDA approvals. Right here, we’ve collected the final investigations within the area of immuno-oncology performed in partnership with CRISPR know-how. As well as, research which have addressed the challenges within the path of CRISPR-mediated most cancers immunotherapy, in addition to pre-treatment purposes of CRISPR-Cas have been talked about intimately.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MYC / c-Myc (aa25-74). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human MYC / c-Myc (aa386-435). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
